Heating device



May 21, 1929. P. M. KLEIN 1,113,535

HEATING DEVICE Filed July 30,, 1926 INVENTOR Patented May 21, 1929.

PAUL M. KLEIN, OF CEDAR-H'URST, NEW YORK HEATING DEVICE.

Application filed July 30, 1926. Serial No. 125,845.

The present invention relates to heating devices in general andparticularly to an improvement over the kind described and claimed in mycopending application for Letters Patent Serial Number 105,871, filedApril th 1926, for fuel burner and to the process of producing heat.

One of the objects of this invention isto provide means for efficientlypreparing liquid fuel for the purpose of burning it and, when thusprepared, properly mixing it with the required amount of airto produceperfect combustion.

Another object of my invention is the construction of a device whichcombinesthe fuel convertor or generator, with means for intimatelymixing or carburetting air to produce a highly combustible mixture.

Another object of my invention is to provide in such device means forpreventing direct heat from coming in contact with the generator or'convertor while permitting. in-

direct or radiated heat to produce within said convertor, agradual'change of the fuel from its liquid to a gaseous state.

Another object of my invention is to provide air supply meansconstructed in such a manner as to create a constant layer of a-ir tosurround the convertor, thereby prevent- 30 ing direct heat fromreaching the'latter.

' Another object of my invention is to make provisions in the air supplymeans for constantly agitating the air or imparting to said air, arotary motion while passing'over the outer surface of said convertor,thereby not only causing an intimate mixture between the gasified fueland air, but also assuring a uniform distribution of the combustibles.

Another object of my invention is to provide a plurality of means forchanging the relations between said air supply means and said convertor,thereby facilitating the changing of the air spaces between the vari ousparts for producing a proper combustible mixture for any given draftcondition.

Still further objects will become more evident from the followingdescription of my device in connection with the accompanying drawings,forming an illustrative part ofinyinvention,-but not intended in anyevent to limit it to the design. shown.

In order to create a better understanding of the subject matter of thisinvention, I consider it essential to explain the principle of producingheat by liquid fuel.

vertor will mixing withthe fuel gases.

Eflicient burning of fuel for the production of heat'depends greatlyupon the quality of the combustibles and upon their preparation beforethey are combusted. It is well known that liquid fuel, even in its mostrefined state, will not burn efficiently unless it is intimatelymixedwith a sufiicient quantity of air or oxygen.

An'intimate'mixture offuel with air can only be achieved by breaking upthe fuel into a fine mist, or better, by converting it into gas, whichlatter, will then readily mix with air, due to thefact, thatthe'aflinity between two like elements is greater than between twoelements of various qualities (density).

The conversion of liquid fuel into gaseous fuel, particularly where fueloil of a. gravity lower than 42? Baum is concerned, can be bestaccomplished in a convertor which combines means for graduallypreheating the oil, thereby making it more fluid, other means forspreading the now preheated fuel into a thin layer or film, and meansfor subecting that film tothe proper amount of indirect heat, which willcause the gasification, or partial gasification, of the film. of thefuel.

Be it understood, of course, that this conversion .can only take placein an air excluding chamber which prevents air from coming in contactwith the fuel while in its liqi id state.

be reason for preventing direct heat from comin inicontact with the fuelconecome obvious when it is considered that the excess of heat suppliedto the an excessive carbon depositwithin the convertor, which isundesirable. V

The thus produced gasified fuel should be intimately mixed with theproper amount of oil to be gasified may causethe formation of oxygen;This is best accomplished by providing an airsupply which is agitatedwhile In the above manner the air is carburetted by the fuel gases andthen the carburetted' mixture is supplied with additional oxygen, "1which is preferably also agitated, while be- 55 throughthecentral'opening'lt) of. the base a d rotary mot-ion-' in the directionshown by arrows in Figure 2. r V

' -The base is further provided ,with cylin- From the followingdescription of my device, 1nconnection with the drawings, the

essentials of my construction will be readily discermble.

Referring to the drawings, Figure'l is a partial cross sectional viewtaken on line 11 of Figure 2. v

Figure 2 is a bottom viewof my device.

'Figure 3 is a support employed in my device for attaching it to theexisting grates of'thefurnace in which the device is in stalled;

Figure 4 is a bottom detail viewof the distributor of my device and, c

Figure 5 is a cross sectional view through a modified form of my device.

' Referring to thefiguresynumeral 1 denotes the grates of an enlistingfurnace upon "which is placed the basesupport '2, shown in detail inFigure 3.

The base support 2 is provided with peripheral "notches 3 forIGC81VlI1g.Cl21D1] )1I1g bolts- 4, which pass through'clamp'ing bars 5..By tightening bolts 4, the grates of the furnace are tightly heldtogether between the base support and the cl. mpmg bars, whereby thebase support is fixed onto the V grates.

i It will be noted in Figure 3, that the base support is provided withslots 6, for receivin att-achin bolts?- see Fi 1 There will be alsoseen, in Figure 3, cut-outs 8 for providing a free air'passage for thePlll'. pose which will bevexplamed later.

llpon the base support rests the :burner base 9 to which isattached atits bottom an overflow retainer 10 by means of bolts 11. The overflowretainer and the base is securely held together by those bolts and formsubstantially one member.

V The overflow retainer is provided with a central'hu-b Il2whic'h ishollowfand adapted to receive a supply pipe or tube 13, which latter isadjustable within the huh and is clamped tight "means of set screws 1d.

11 the desired position by The overflow retainer is also provided at itsbottom with a boss 15 for accomn'iodating the end of 1 the overflow pipe16.

r In the base there will be observed drip holealZ for permitting thedischarge of superfluous .oil intothe overflow retainer; At the bottomportion of the buri'ier base there will be seen a plurality of curvedveins 18 which impartto the a-i1 passing drical extensions 20 'uponwhichrests a manifold 21. lVhile I have shown in Figure 1 a manifold whichcomprises two supply inlets, it is understood that a manifold f lessinlets or more inlets may be con} structed.

As will be seen in Figure 1, the central portlon of the manifoldcomprises a cyl1n drical or conical downwardly opening spout 22 which ispreferably provided with helical Iveins 28.

WVithin this spout 22 thereis seen the fuel converter which comprises aclosed chamber, consisting of a cylindrical portion 24,-. a cover member25, a well 26 and a distributor .27.. The latter is provided with athreaded hub to'which is attached supply pipe 13. The latter supportsthe entire convertor.

The central portion of the distributor 27 is drilled to provide apassage of liquid fuel, which is supplied by means of oil ports 28 intothe well 26. Just above the oil ports 28, the central portion of thedistributor 27 is provided with a threaded hole, which engaged by adouble bolt 29. The latter is adapted to hold together all the parts ofthe converter. The upper extension of belt 29 is adapted to clamp downthe manifold 21. Thus the entire burner parts are united and preventedfrom vibrating while in operation. i 7

It will be seen that the cup or well 26 is provided with an internal'rib30, by'means of which the well may be turned when screwed togetherwiththe upper extension of distributor27.-*

The well is a substantially hollow cylin- 61, which is adapted to notonly retard the flow of oil, while in its process of being gasifled, butis also designed for leading the oil, spread in a film form over theouter surface of the'oil well, in radial inward direction.

In other words, instead of spreading the oil radially outwards, the oilis forced. to flow toward the center of the distributor, while and if inits liquid state. its conversion'into gasified fuel iscaused to dripinto sin auxiliary well 32 provided in the distributor and from there,if still liquid,

will flow into another auxiliary well 33.

1 'lhepreparcd fuelwill escape from within the convertorjby means ofradial slots 3& providedinthe lower face of the cylindrical member2 l,which rests upon the upper face of the distributor. V 3

The arrangement'of the cylindrical member 24 can berea-dily observedatthe bottom View, shown in Figure 4, where it will be seen that theannular inward extension 31 reduces the outflow area for the fuel to asmall central opening, indicated at 73%. Through this opening the fuel,either This oil, before lOO in Figure 2.

ous or liquid, is directed towards the' center of the distributor. Thismanner of construction becomes fairly important for the reason,

that in installing my device, it is necessary that the distribution ofthe fuel is uniform over the circumference of the distributor.

The different passages, through which the fuel has to travel,concentrate the fuel toward'the center of the distributor and thereforeto the smallest available circumference, from which it is spreadoutwards, while in its gaseous state. u

' In installing my device, all parts are preferably made. level, whichis accomplished by the adjustment of set screws indicated: at

In the beginning of operation the parts of the burner are not hot enoughto cause the gasification of the oil and it is essential that, whilefluid state, the oil is distributed evenly when'it drips down throughthe slots 34 into the dish-shaped portion of'the base.

The distance between the upper face of' the grates and the upper face ofthe distributor, upon which rests cylindrical part 24, I

may term the critical distance. It is essential in any burner that suchdistance between the point of distribution and between the point ofresting is made as short as possible. The shorter the" distance, theeasier it is to properly install the device, and the easier it is tocause even distribution of the fuel while in its liquid state, and conse,quently also its distribution while in gaseous state.

its

,[nstallatbm "order to permit the leveling of the base by means of set.screws35, which bear against the SOllCl portlons of the base support. I

-.preferably level the device by first inserting supply pipe 13 andattaching thereto .the distributor andoil well 26 ,'.wl iich Itemporarily screw down to the distributor,

while leaving out the cylindrical part 24 and the cover 25. The upperedge of. the oil well serves as leveling surface.

\Vhen satisfied that the oil well is level a check may be made bysetting a level upon the distributing surface of the distributor.

Now the attachingbolts 7 are clamped tight and again 'a check is made ofthe leveled oil well and'distributon Now the oil well is removed, thecylindrical part 24 set upon the distributor, the oil well replaced andthelcover attached. Y By means of bolt29 the cover 25 is tight From hereit passes over the V 1y clamped down against the cylinder member "24,which again seats tightly against the distributing surface of thedistributor.

Now the manifold 21 is placed upon extensions 20. It will be observed,that between the seating surface of the manifold and they extension 20,there are provided rings. 36'which are exchangeable as will be 7explained later.

When the burner is thus assembled a layerof clay, not shown in thedrawing, is placed over the grates, being supported by a sheet of metalor screening, so that the space'between the outer circumference of theburner base and the walls of the furnace" is completely filled in, toprevent air from passing therethrough.

I preferably line the wall of the furnace with refractory brick, notshown, which retains heat and permits a constant'radiation of heattoward the burner, particularly during periods of low burning.

2 Operation.

To start the burner, oil is admitted through the supply pipe into theoil well '26 from which it flows evenly over the upper edge thereof andspreads into athin film over the outer surface of thewell. From thelower edge of thefwell' it drips down upon the ledge formed by extensionv31 of the eylindrical member 24 and drips down into thecentralauxiliary well32 of the distributor. Having filled this auxiliary well,the oil reaches the upper edge of the well and descends .into the outerauxiliarg well 33.

surface of the distributor at the points where the cylindrical member 21 is slotted. From here it flows do'wn"the' undercut portion of thedistributor" and drips into the dishshaped portion of the base.

The oil retained in the base is now ignited by means of a t'orch, or'itsequivalent,

while the oil supply ism; oil. Through the" heat thusgen'erated, themanifold is heated and the temperature of the air drawn throughthe'manifold is thereby also raised.

The arrows shown in the manifold indicate the directionof the airpassing therethrough. Upon reaching the center of the manifold,

the air is passed through a plurality of veins istributing 23providedi'n tlie downwardly directed center portion 22 of the manifoldIThe veins,

being helically shaped, impart a rotary 1110-- tion' to the airwhich'passes around "the entire'outer surfaceofthe convertor.

\Vhen reaching theesc'apes 34, provided in the cylindrical portion 24,the air 'will,,'so flospeak, suck out the gasifiedjfuel. afldfmix" withit.- In this man'nrthe: air fisi'fiizrbw,

retted. Due to the turbulent motioniif the .air a Ycry thorough mixtureisprodug fl b tween the ai an the "ases Moreover, the

revolving tendency' of t e air will cause the gases to travel inconjunction with the air.

. In this manner the fuel gases are spread pose of burning, beforecombustion, may be -explained as follows: The air passing through themanifold is heated to a high degree. It passes over, and forms a hot aircushion between the convertor and the ,cen-

- ter portion 22 of the manifold. The heated air impartsits indirectheat to the cylindrical portion 24 of the convertor, heating it to atemperature ranging frombetween 500 to850f F. The heat imparted to' thecylindrical portion 24 is radiated towards the film of liquid fuel,descending over the outer circumference of the well 26, therebygasifying it. Through further radiation 0 the heat towards the center oftheconvertor, the

oil, in the well is preheated to a temperature ranging from between 200to 300 F., which causes the oil to become more fluid than when itreachesthe well.

nwill beseenfrom the above that .10 dire ct heat ispermitted to affectthe converter, and that the heat within the convertor is so low that,while permitting the'gasification of the oil, it will not cause theformation of solid carbon within the converter, which ;Would be the easeifthe' convert-er would be subjected to direct heat ofsufiicientintensity. V

' Needless to stay that air is completely excluded from the interior'iofthe converter, since. the presence of air would seriously affeet theproper conversion of liquid fuel into v gaseous fuel.

When the carburetted air reaches the outlet passage betweenthe lowerportion of the distributor and the lower portion of the central memberof themanifold, it is met by-. another supply of air whichpasse'sbetween the lowen face of the burner base and theoverflow retainer; Theair passing beri'ieath the burner base andbetween veins 18 towards thecenter opening of the base caused to rotate, and its velocity,is succesj l i creased when traveling from its entrance point toits dischargepoint.

The air is directed towards the lower face ofjthe distributor and, beingdeflee'tedthere-j gby, 1 issues at practically right angles into the.earburetted mixture;

.The resulting forces of the air supplied v through the manifold and theair supplied fromibelow the base cause the conibustibles to takea pathcorrespondin to the outline of the dish-shaped up er surface of'thebase. Inthis manner the ass is subjected to a 1 has taken place.

considerable amount of heatwhich in turn is imparted to the air passingfrom below the base as an additional air supply.

It is essential foreflicient burning that the proper amount of air issupplied to the gasified fuel. In consequence thereof, it is necessarythat the various parts maybe adjustified, so as to increase or decreasethe spaces through which air is admitted; The air space between "theupper edge of the base and the lower edge of the distributor maybeadjusted by an up vor down movement of pipe 13. Correspondingly, themanifoldhas to be adjusted in up or downward direction. This isaccomplished by insert ing various sized rings under the manifold seatas indicated at 36. I i

\Vhen theproper adjustment is reached the upper nut of bolt 29, whichpasses through themanifold, is tightened down so to prevent vibration ofthe burner parts during operation.

Modifications.

' Itis obvious that while I have described 'the construction shown inFigures 1, 2, 3

and 4 that modifications of construction may be made without departingfrom the principal ideas involved.

ent, as it now consists of two parts, the outer member 39 and the inneradjustable member 410, which latter corresponds to the base shown inFigure 1, with the exception that it is adjustable relative to member39. This construction provides'an additionalair space,

indicated at 4 1, for supplying still more oxygen after theeombustion ofthe gases The overflow receptacle t2 is again' attached in the samemanner to member 40, as-Was explained in connection with Figure 1/ Inthis case however, member 42 is supported by a tube &3, to which it isclamped by means of set screw 41 L01- anyother suitable means. Tubing{i3 is adjustable within hub 45, supported by. ribs 46', extending fromthe cylindrical portion 'of'niember 3,9. Tubing 48 is held in itsposition by means of set \Vithin' the tubing 4L3 there is adjustablymount-ed supply pipe iS which again is held in position by a setscrew49. The overflow pipefl50 is connected to a boss provided in overflowretainer 42. v

Attached to pipe 48, in'the same manner as explained above, is aconvertor51 of the 'sainecenstruet on descr bed in connection withFigure 1.

The manifold 52 in this case consists of a singleair chamber, and isattached to the base by means of bolt 53, hearing with its nut against abar 54. I

In the downward end of the manifold are again provided helical veins 55.At the lower portion of member 40'are also provided veins 56. Theoperation of'the de-. vice is identical withthat described in connectionwith Figure 1, with the exception thatadditional air is permitted toenter the burncrat'the annular slot 41 mentioned before. The adjustmentof this slot isreadily made by lowering or raising tubing 43.

Adjustment of the air space between member and the convertor 51 andbetween member 40 and the manifold is achieved in the same manner asexplainedbefore in connection with Fig. l. 1

It is evident that various other constructions may beprovided'toaccomplish the same result ofpreparing liquid fuel forburning within an air excludingconvertor, which is constantly surroundedby a cushion of agitated, heated air, which prevents direct heat fromreaching the convertor. I

By thesecombined means a perfect conversion of the fuel is accomplished,which facilitates perfect mixing of the fuel with the air and thereforeresults in perfect combustion, without the formation of carbon depositson any of the parts enposed to the flame or on any of the parts in whichthe conversion of the fuel takes place.v

Simultaneously the construction ofthe air supply means, causing the airto rotate at the point'of issue, assures perfect distribution, as theair supplied through the manifold induces the spreading of the escapingfuel over the entire surface of the distributor,

and the air issuing from underneath the disto make changes andimprovements in my design.

I claim 1. A heating device, comprising a fuel convertor and air supplymeans completely enclosing the former, said fuel convertor forming asubstantially closed chamber having a plurality of evenly distributedmeans for the escape of convertedor gasified fuel, and means within saidchamber for causing the liquid'fuel to changeits direction of flowsuccessively, radially outwards and radially inwards, and-to spread intoan easily evaporative film, thus facilitating t heconversion of liquidinto gaseous fuel,'said conversion being produ'ced byradiant heatintercepted by a layer of air surrounding said convertor. q j

2. A heating device, comprising a fuel con-' vertor' and air supplymeans completely enclosing the formerrand causing the formation of anair layer about the entire convertor, said fuel convertor forming asubstantially closed chamber havinga plurality of evenlydistributed'means for the escape of converted or gasified fuel, andmeans within said chamber for causing the liquid fuel to change itsdirection of flow successively, radially outwards and radially inwards,and to spread into an easily evaporative .film,

thus facilitating the conversionof liquid'into said chamber for causingthe liquid fuel to change its direction of flow successively, radiallyoutwards and radially inwards, and to spread into an easily evaporativefilm, thus "facilitating the .conversion of liquid into gaseous fuel,said conversion being produced by radiant heat intercepted by a layer ofair'surrounding said convertor.

4. A heating device comprising a fuel convertor, and means for causingair from two directions to pass and contact with the entire outersurface of said convertor, said fuel convertor forming a substantiallyclosed chamber, having a plurality'of evenly distributed means for theescape of converted or gasified fuel, and means within said chamber forcausing the liquid fuel to change its direction of flow successivelyradially outwards and radially inwards and to spread into an easilyevaporative film, thus facilitating the conversion of liquid intogaseous fuel, said conversion being produced by radiant heat passingthrough a constantly agitated layer of air surrounding said convertor. r

. 5. A heating device, comprising an air excluding fuel convertor, andmeans for causing an agitated air cushion to surround the outer surfaceof the latter, said. fuel convert-or forming a substantially closedchamber, having a plurality of evenly distributed means for the escapeof converted or gasified fuel, and means within. said chamber forcausing the liquid, fuel to change its direction of flow successivelyradially outwards and radiallyinwards and to spread into an.

. stantially closed, a ir excluding fuel convertor, and means in closeproximity thereto for directing agitated air to, pass by its outersurface from two opposite directions, said fuel convertor forming asubstantially closed chamber, having a plurality of evenly distributedmeans for the escape of converted orgasified fuel, and means within saidchamher for causing the liquid fuel to change its direction of flowsuccessively radially outwards and radially inwards and to spread intoan easily evaporative film, thus facilitating the conversion of liquidinto gaseous fuel, said conversion being produced by radiant heatpassing through a constantly agitated layer ,ofair "surrounding saidconvertor.

7. A heating device, comprising a fuel convertor, air supply meanssurrounding the latter,',other air supply means below said convertor,both of said air supply meansv adapted to direct air to pass over theouter surface of said convertor, said fuel convertor forming asubstantially closed chamber, having a plurality of evenly distributedmeans for the escape of converted or gasified fuel, and means withinsaid chamber for causing the liquid fuel to change its direction of flowsuccessively radially outwards and radially inwards and to spread intoan easily evaporative film, thus facilitating the conversion of liquidinto gaseous fuel, said conversion being produced by radiant heatpassing through a constantly agitated layer of air surrounding saidconvertor.

8. In a heating device, 'a fuel conver tor comprising a substantiallyclosed, air extherethrough.

eluding chamber, containing fuel preheating means, fuel retarding andfuel distributing means, an air supply member surrounding saidconvertor, and conveying air over its outer surface, and preventingdirect heatrfrom coming in contact with said convertor, while permittingthe latter to be subjected to indirect heat, air supply means disposedbelow said convertor, and means provided with said air supply means forimparting a rotary motion to the air passing 1 9. In a heatmg device, afuel converter for changing liquid fuel lnto gaseous fuel, whichcomprisesra substantially closed, air excluding chamber, containing afuel well for preheating fuel, means for spreading the liquid fuel to athin film which is readily converted into gaseous fuel, means forretarding' the flow of fuel, means for subjecting the fuel to indirectheat, means for distributing the converted fuel and means for directingthe fuel, during the process of its conversion, radially inwards.

10. In a heating device,.a fuel convertor, having Imeansfor preheatingliquid fuel,

means for. forming it into a film, means for vertor, means for impartinga rotary motion to the air provided in said air supply means,

an air supply member disposed below said convertoiy'means provlded withsaid air supply member for imparting a rotary motion to the air passingtherethrough, and means for changing the relation between saidconvertor, said air supply means and said air supply member foradjusting the air spaces between these parts.

12. In a heating device, the combination of a generator. andcarburetter, comprising an air excluding fuel convertor having means forretaining, preheating and spreadin into a thin filmliquidfuel, meansforv subjecting the spread fuel to indirect heat for the purpose ofgasifying it, means for causing the fuelto fiow in radially inwarddirection, means for retarding the flow of fuel and means fordistributing it, air supply means, surrounding said convertor, providedwith means for imparting a rotary motion to said air, and servingforpremixing or carburetting said air with the converted fuel escaping from"saidconvertor, means for supplying additional air. to the carburettedmixture, said latter air supplying means having provisions for impartinga rotary motion to said additional air, and a plurality of means withinsaid air supply means and before reaching open space.

14. In a heating device, air supply means, a substantially closed fuelconvertor disposed wholly within said means, and separated therefrom bya constantly moving air cushion preventing direct heat from reachingsaid convertor, the latter comprising an air excluding chambercontaining means for rei taming, means for spreading to a thin layer andmeans for changing the flow direction of liquid fuel while the latter issubjected to the influence of indirect heat.

15. In a heating device as per claim 14,

10 the lower edge of said air supply means disposed above the lower edgeof said con- -vertor.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this29th day of July A. D. 1926.

PAUL M. KLEIN.

